Identify the independent (manipulated) and dependent (responding) variables in a scientific investigation. Draw conclusions about the relationship between two variables using quantitative data.

This lab includes a theoretical explanation of how buffers work and how they are made, including a derivation of the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation. Students will use what they have learned to ...

Strong base is added to three different buffers and water and the effect on pH is observed.

From tangy sauerkraut to smooth wine, the interaction between acids, bases, and microbes shapes the flavors, textures, and safety of our favorite foods. Acetic acid bacteria, buffering agents, and pH ...