Researchers at University of Tsukuba have developed a technology for real-time estimation of the valence state and growth rate of iron oxide thin films during their formation. This novel technology ...

Thin films play a crucial role in the fabrication of several components and devices, such as protective coatings, integrated circuits, solar cells, and optical ...

The state of the target varies with the parameters for the three sputtering modes, and the SMD consists of various voltage-current (V-I) curves at different nitrogen contents and sputtering currents.

High power magnetron sputtering techniques have become essential tools in the deposition of advanced thin films. By utilising high power pulses, these methods generate highly ionised plasmas that ...

Thin film technology focuses on the deposition and analysis of functional material layers on a substrate. These layers are essential building blocks in modern devices, like the microchips found in ...