This review paper examines and evaluates urine-sampling methodologies in infants and young children, to determine which methods are suitable for use in large biomonitoring surveys or studies of ...

IN the development of new methods for detecting bilirubin in urine technical simplicity has generally been sacrificed for increased sensitivity and specificity. As a consequence many clinicians, for ...

What Do Nurses Know About Urine Cultures? Urinary catheters carry an inherent risk for infection. Many healthcare providers do not follow current guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of ...

Blooms of toxin-producing algae exploded in both fresh and salt water ecosystems in southern Florida during the summer months of 2018, impacting wildlife and humans living in these marine environments ...

A newly developed method can detect even low-dose human exposure to microcystins and nodularin in human urine. During harmful algal blooms (HABs), species of cyanobacteria release toxic peptides, ...

PYELONEPHRITIS, the most common renal disease, remains a diagnostic and therapeutic problem. The critical need for early and accurate diagnosis has been growing steadily with the increasing awareness ...